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זה אומנם באנגלית... אבל לא נורא... אם מישהו ממש ירצה שאני אתרגם אני מוכנה לעשות את זה... אבל זה ייקח קצת זמן... Understanding DRESSAGE HISTORY The word "dressage" (said "dress-ahz and rhymes with "massage") is derived from a French term meaning training. It is not only a method of training a horse (called schooling), but also a competitive Olympic sport. The origination of the sport was first noted in a book by the Greek General Xenophon around 400 B.C. As the history of the world evolved the training method was further developed by the royal court of Europe in the 17th century, first as an aspect of warfare and then as an art and sport. The most famous of these training centers is the Spanish Riding school in Vienna, Austria, with its beautiful white Lipizzan stallions. While relatively new to America and Canada, dressage has long been a competitive equestrian sport throughout much of the world. Especially in Europe, where countries such as Germany, Finland, and Sweden have dominated international competitions for decades. ARENA The Official Standard Size Dressage Arena is 20 x 60 meters (22 x 66 yards). Although a shorter version of the arena, 20 x 40 meters, may be used for training level tests. One to five judges may be present during the execution of a test. SOME TERMS Above the Bit- When a horse raises its head and stretches forward with the neck, so that its mouth and the bit are above the rider's hand. This position makes control difficult, and spoils the horse's outline and paces. Airs above the Ground- Advanced movements performed by horses trained in the art of haute ecole or high school. Horses trained in the art of dressage are not expected to perform these movements. Counter Canter- Canter around the arena or on a circle when the horse leads with the outside foreleg. Flexion of the head- When the head is bent at the poll without showing tension or strain, and while keeping the jaw relaxed. Of the body or neck, indicating a very slight bend in a required direction. POPULAR BREEDS FOR DRESSAGE The most common and popular breeds for the equestrian sport of dressage, are Warmbloods. These include the Dutch Warmblood, Trakehner, Danish Warmblood, Hanoverian, Holstein, and Lipizzaner. Horses used for dressage need to be felxible, very sound, responsive and athletic. Descriptions of some Dressage, Classical Airs and Schooling Movements Piaffe- A very collected trot on the spot or in place. Pirouette- A movement in which the horse turns a full circle in it's own length Passage- a movement consisting of a very rhythmic, elevated, collected trot with great engagement of the hindquarters, produces prolonged suspension without covering much ground. Collected- When the horse shows collection in the gait, rounded and on the bit. eg: collected trot Extended- when the horse shows extension in the gait, eg: extended canter Levade- "a classical air above the ground" a controlled half-rear Capriole- "a classical air above the ground" where the horse leaps up the ground with all four feet, and strikes out with the hind legs while the body is still in mid-air. Courbette- "a classical air above the ground" from the Levade, the horse bounds forward on it's hind legs. Turn on the Forehand- when the horse is standing, and then the hindlegs move around the stationary forelegs. Turn on the Haunches- when the horse is standing, and then the forelegs move around the stationary hindlegs. Leg Yielding- Where the horse moves almost diagonal across the arena, but keeping in a straight line from head to tail Half Pass- when the horse moves in a sideways direction, often the horse first is introduced to leg yields and then graduates to the half pass.
זה אומנם באנגלית... אבל לא נורא... אם מישהו ממש ירצה שאני אתרגם אני מוכנה לעשות את זה... אבל זה ייקח קצת זמן... Understanding DRESSAGE HISTORY The word "dressage" (said "dress-ahz and rhymes with "massage") is derived from a French term meaning training. It is not only a method of training a horse (called schooling), but also a competitive Olympic sport. The origination of the sport was first noted in a book by the Greek General Xenophon around 400 B.C. As the history of the world evolved the training method was further developed by the royal court of Europe in the 17th century, first as an aspect of warfare and then as an art and sport. The most famous of these training centers is the Spanish Riding school in Vienna, Austria, with its beautiful white Lipizzan stallions. While relatively new to America and Canada, dressage has long been a competitive equestrian sport throughout much of the world. Especially in Europe, where countries such as Germany, Finland, and Sweden have dominated international competitions for decades. ARENA The Official Standard Size Dressage Arena is 20 x 60 meters (22 x 66 yards). Although a shorter version of the arena, 20 x 40 meters, may be used for training level tests. One to five judges may be present during the execution of a test. SOME TERMS Above the Bit- When a horse raises its head and stretches forward with the neck, so that its mouth and the bit are above the rider's hand. This position makes control difficult, and spoils the horse's outline and paces. Airs above the Ground- Advanced movements performed by horses trained in the art of haute ecole or high school. Horses trained in the art of dressage are not expected to perform these movements. Counter Canter- Canter around the arena or on a circle when the horse leads with the outside foreleg. Flexion of the head- When the head is bent at the poll without showing tension or strain, and while keeping the jaw relaxed. Of the body or neck, indicating a very slight bend in a required direction. POPULAR BREEDS FOR DRESSAGE The most common and popular breeds for the equestrian sport of dressage, are Warmbloods. These include the Dutch Warmblood, Trakehner, Danish Warmblood, Hanoverian, Holstein, and Lipizzaner. Horses used for dressage need to be felxible, very sound, responsive and athletic. Descriptions of some Dressage, Classical Airs and Schooling Movements Piaffe- A very collected trot on the spot or in place. Pirouette- A movement in which the horse turns a full circle in it's own length Passage- a movement consisting of a very rhythmic, elevated, collected trot with great engagement of the hindquarters, produces prolonged suspension without covering much ground. Collected- When the horse shows collection in the gait, rounded and on the bit. eg: collected trot Extended- when the horse shows extension in the gait, eg: extended canter Levade- "a classical air above the ground" a controlled half-rear Capriole- "a classical air above the ground" where the horse leaps up the ground with all four feet, and strikes out with the hind legs while the body is still in mid-air. Courbette- "a classical air above the ground" from the Levade, the horse bounds forward on it's hind legs. Turn on the Forehand- when the horse is standing, and then the hindlegs move around the stationary forelegs. Turn on the Haunches- when the horse is standing, and then the forelegs move around the stationary hindlegs. Leg Yielding- Where the horse moves almost diagonal across the arena, but keeping in a straight line from head to tail Half Pass- when the horse moves in a sideways direction, often the horse first is introduced to leg yields and then graduates to the half pass.