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The syndrome was first described as a complication of the disease ‘Lupus’. However, Dr Hughes realised that many cases – indeed probably the vast majority did NOT have any evidence of Lupus. This gave rise to the term ‘Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome’ (PAPS). For those patients where the clotting tendency is secondary to another disease such as Lupus, the condition is often called ‘Secondary’ APS. It should be stressed that the majority of patients with ‘Primary’ APS (Hughes Syndrome) do NOT go on to develop Lupus in later life. The inter-relationship between Lupus and APS (Hughes Syndrome) is highlighted in this diagram, taken from the book ‘Hughes Syndrome: A patients guide (See publications web page). Related Diseases: Lupus This is a common ‘autoimmune’ condition affecting up to 1 in 1000 of the female population. The immune system is overactive, with the resultant over-production of a large number if antibodies. In approximately 1 in 5 Lupus patients, these antibodies include anti-phospholipid antibodies, with the resultant problems of thrombosis and miscarriage. Sjögren’s Syndrome In many ways, this syndrome (Dry eyes, dry mouth and aches and pains) can be regarded as a milder version of Lupus, usually affecting a slightly older age group (50-60 year olds). Again, some people with Sjögren’s Syndrome product anti-phospholipid antibodies and can develop features of Hughes Syndrome. Fibromyalgia Patients with widespread aches and pains are sometimes diagnosed as fibromyalgia or ‘M.E.’. Some of these patients in fact have one of the conditions described here such as Sjögren’s Syndrome. Thyroid disease Abnormalities of the immune system can also affect the thyroid and it is not uncommon, for example, to find a history of over active of even under-active thyroid disease in relatives of Hughes Syndrome patients. Other clotting disorders A number of other clotting (“pro-thrombotic”) disorders have been described, and clearly, must be considered when making the diagnosis. The commonest is factor V Leiden – a hereditary condition which leads to vein clots but not artery clots or strokes. Others include rarer conditions including disorders of prothrombin, protein C and protein S.
The syndrome was first described as a complication of the disease ‘Lupus’. However, Dr Hughes realised that many cases – indeed probably the vast majority did NOT have any evidence of Lupus. This gave rise to the term ‘Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome’ (PAPS). For those patients where the clotting tendency is secondary to another disease such as Lupus, the condition is often called ‘Secondary’ APS. It should be stressed that the majority of patients with ‘Primary’ APS (Hughes Syndrome) do NOT go on to develop Lupus in later life. The inter-relationship between Lupus and APS (Hughes Syndrome) is highlighted in this diagram, taken from the book ‘Hughes Syndrome: A patients guide (See publications web page). Related Diseases: Lupus This is a common ‘autoimmune’ condition affecting up to 1 in 1000 of the female population. The immune system is overactive, with the resultant over-production of a large number if antibodies. In approximately 1 in 5 Lupus patients, these antibodies include anti-phospholipid antibodies, with the resultant problems of thrombosis and miscarriage. Sjögren’s Syndrome In many ways, this syndrome (Dry eyes, dry mouth and aches and pains) can be regarded as a milder version of Lupus, usually affecting a slightly older age group (50-60 year olds). Again, some people with Sjögren’s Syndrome product anti-phospholipid antibodies and can develop features of Hughes Syndrome. Fibromyalgia Patients with widespread aches and pains are sometimes diagnosed as fibromyalgia or ‘M.E.’. Some of these patients in fact have one of the conditions described here such as Sjögren’s Syndrome. Thyroid disease Abnormalities of the immune system can also affect the thyroid and it is not uncommon, for example, to find a history of over active of even under-active thyroid disease in relatives of Hughes Syndrome patients. Other clotting disorders A number of other clotting (“pro-thrombotic”) disorders have been described, and clearly, must be considered when making the diagnosis. The commonest is factor V Leiden – a hereditary condition which leads to vein clots but not artery clots or strokes. Others include rarer conditions including disorders of prothrombin, protein C and protein S.
