ืชืืฆืืช ืืืืงืจ:
Physical punishment is increasingly viewed as a form of violence that harms children. This narrative review summarises the findings of 69 prospective longitudinal studies to inform practitioners and policy makers about physical punishment's outcomes. Our review identified seven key themes. First, physical punishment consistently predicts increases in child behaviour problems over time. Second, physical punishment is not associated with positive outcomes over time. Third, physical punishment increases the risk of involvement with child protective services. Fourth, the only evidence of children eliciting physical punishment is for externalising behaviour. Fifth, physical punishment predicts worsening behaviour over time in quasi-experimental studies. Sixth, associations between physical punishment and detrimental child outcomes are robust across child and parent characteristics. Finally, there is some evidence of a doseโresponse relationship. The consistency of these findings indicates that physical punishment is harmful to children and that policy remedies are warranted.
ืืืืืฅ ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฆืืืื ืืขืืชืง ืืื ืฉื ืืืืงืจ ืืืืืืืช ืืืฆืืช Elsevier.
ืงืจืืื ื- CNN, ืฉืืืืืชื ืืฆืืชื ืืช ืืืืงืจ
us.cnn.com
ืืื ืืช ืืืฉืคืืื ืืืืื:
The pediatricians' group suggests adults caring for children use "healthy forms of discipline" -- such as positive reinforcement of appropriate behaviors, setting limits and setting expectations -- and not use spanking, hitting, slapping, threatening, insulting, humiliating or shaming. "Parents should never hit their child and never use verbal insults that would humiliate or shame the child," said Sege, lead author of the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement on corporal punishment. Globally, 62 countries have prohibited physical punishment of children in all settings and a further 27 countries commit to doing so, according to the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children. Despite this advance, "only 13% of the world's children are fully protected in law from all corporal punishment," the agency says, and 31 countries still allow whipping, flogging and caning as a sentence for crimes committed by juveniles.
Physical punishment is increasingly viewed as a form of violence that harms children. This narrative review summarises the findings of 69 prospective longitudinal studies to inform practitioners and policy makers about physical punishment's outcomes. Our review identified seven key themes. First, physical punishment consistently predicts increases in child behaviour problems over time. Second, physical punishment is not associated with positive outcomes over time. Third, physical punishment increases the risk of involvement with child protective services. Fourth, the only evidence of children eliciting physical punishment is for externalising behaviour. Fifth, physical punishment predicts worsening behaviour over time in quasi-experimental studies. Sixth, associations between physical punishment and detrimental child outcomes are robust across child and parent characteristics. Finally, there is some evidence of a doseโresponse relationship. The consistency of these findings indicates that physical punishment is harmful to children and that policy remedies are warranted.
Physical punishment and child outcomes: a narrative review of prospective studies
Physical punishment is increasingly viewed as a form of violence that harms children. This narrative review summarises the findings of 69 prospective longitudinal studies to inform practitioners and policy makers about physical punishment's outcomes. Our review identified seven key themes...
www.thelancet.com
ืืืืืฅ ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฆืืืื ืืขืืชืง ืืื ืฉื ืืืืงืจ ืืืืืืืช ืืืฆืืช Elsevier.
ืงืจืืื ื- CNN, ืฉืืืืืชื ืืฆืืชื ืืช ืืืืงืจ
Spanking can worsen a child's behavior and do real harm, study finds | CNN
Spanking does not appear to improve a child's positive behavior or social competence, a review of global studies finds.
us.cnn.com
The pediatricians' group suggests adults caring for children use "healthy forms of discipline" -- such as positive reinforcement of appropriate behaviors, setting limits and setting expectations -- and not use spanking, hitting, slapping, threatening, insulting, humiliating or shaming. "Parents should never hit their child and never use verbal insults that would humiliate or shame the child," said Sege, lead author of the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement on corporal punishment. Globally, 62 countries have prohibited physical punishment of children in all settings and a further 27 countries commit to doing so, according to the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children. Despite this advance, "only 13% of the world's children are fully protected in law from all corporal punishment," the agency says, and 31 countries still allow whipping, flogging and caning as a sentence for crimes committed by juveniles.
