screening
This is a complicated question but I'll try to simplify. If the midwife sees something serious in the ultrasound like a major cardiac defect or any other life-threatening defect or defect that requires immediate care or surgery, then she will not accept this client for a homebirth. If however, there might be something like "brain cysts" or heart "golf ball" or dilation of the kidney pelvis or ureter, this would not exclude her from having a homebirth. She would need to be under supervision and do more follow-up tests. For example, brain cysts and golf balls often show up in the first ultrasound and then disappear, and don't cause any problems in most cases. She would be advised maybe to do an amniocentesis to rule out genetic syndromes or Down's syndrome, or an echo-lev (heart echogram) to further investigate. Kidneys need follow-ups and can make problems in the months after birth so she would need to do ultrasound exams on the baby in the weeks and months following, but it wouldn't affect the birth. Terrible defects that there is no chance of survival obviously can be birthed at home, since it doesn't require treatment and can be more humane and sympathetic. A woman deciding on homebirth could be risked out at any point in the pregnancy if problems arise, such as breech presentation or high blood pressure. As for the second part of your question, well, all midwives know that there is always the very rare potential for a baby to be born needing resusitation with oxygen and ambu and cardiac massage. We have all learned this and do a refresher course every year, but it is very rare that we need this so we are not as skilled in this as are the pediatricians that work in the hospital neonatal intensive care units. Also we are not trained to intubate babies, only to respirate them with ambu bag. Only the pediatricians in intensive care are skilled in this, as this is a real hands on skill that requires lots of experience and frequency. But you need to remember that these are very rare cases, and much more in hospitals becasue of all the intervention and drugs and vacuums and Cesarians and high risk women. At home women are low-risk and healthy pregnancies. The idea is to transfer the woman before emergencies arise so they can be best treated in high-risk hospitals. That is why we do listen to the heartbeat frequently and if there is thick meconium we transfer. If there is anything suspicious with heartbeat we transfer also. But, the odd case can happen where the heartbeat seems fine, but the baby comes out not fine and we need to be prepared for emergencies. That is why you need to birth not more than half an hour from a hospital, and I do recommend having a trained midwife at the birth, and not to do it alone with your friend or partner. Someone once asked the famous homebirth midwife Ina May Gaskin (author of Spiritual Midwifery) why you needed a midwife at all since birth was just like taking a big shit. She replied " yes, but you don't expect a turd to have to breathe, do you?"